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The United States pledged to maintain its leadership in AI through Executive Order 13859, issued on February 11, 2019. The order, titled “Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,” outlines a comprehensive strategy to harness the power of AI to promote economic growth, national security, and improve American society. The executive order lays out five principles that serve as the foundation for the nation’s approach to AI.
- Technological Breakthroughs: Fostering advances in artificial intelligence technologies to advance scientific discovery, economic competitiveness, and national security.
- Technical Standards: Develop technical standards and lower barriers to safely testing and deploying AI technologies, and promote the creation of new AI-related industries.
- Workforce Development: Train the American workforce to ensure that individuals have the skills to develop and apply AI technologies.
- Trust and Privacy: Build public trust and confidence in AI technologies and protect civil liberties, privacy, and American values in AI applications.
- International Collaboration: Create an international environment that supports U.S. AI research and innovation while protecting its technological advantage.
On October 30, 2023, the Biden administration issued an executive order (EO) on the development and use of safe, secure, and trustworthy artificial intelligence. The EO establishes a comprehensive approach across federal agencies to oversee responsible artificial intelligence development and deployment, involving agency leadership, industry regulation, and international cooperation. The EO requires more than 50 federal entities to implement more than 100 specific actions to implement guidelines in eight major policy areas:
1. Technological Breakthroughs: Foster advances in artificial intelligence technologies to advance scientific discovery, economic competitiveness, and national security.
2. Innovation and Competition: Attract AI talent, solve new types of intellectual property issues, and promote innovation, especially among startups and small businesses.
3. Worker support: Addressing the labor disruptions that AI adoption may cause.
4. AI Bias and Civil Rights: Recognize the potential for bias in AI models and its impact on civil liberties, particularly in the criminal justice system and federal programs.
5. Consumer protection: Enforce existing authorities to minimize consumer harms associated with AI.
6. Privacy: Assess and mitigate privacy risks associated with AI and user data.
7. Federal Use of AI: Establish an interagency committee to coordinate the use of AI, develop governance guidelines, and expand the AI workforce across federal agencies.
8. International leadership: Work with global partners to develop common AI regulatory and accountability principles and technical standards.
The U.S. AI strategy reflects a holistic approach to AI leadership that emphasizes innovation, collaboration, and protecting U.S. interests. It underscores the U.S. commitment to maintaining global AI leadership while ensuring that AI technologies are consistent with its core values and principles.
Main Participants
In 2022, U.S. investment reached $47.4 billion, which is about 3.5 times the amount of Chinese financing ($13.4 billion).
Large technology companies such as Amazon, Google and Microsoft account for the majority of these investments.
The number of newly established AI companies in the United States is 1.9 times that of the EU and the United Kingdom combined, and 3.4 times that of China.
The United States has also emerged as the clear leader in federal government spending, although the contrast is slightly less stark.
In 2022, the government will spend approximately $3.3 billion on AI-related contracts.
While exact military spending is difficult to determine, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is targeting unclassified spending on AI at $870 million in 2022, with a 2023 budget request of $1.1 billion.
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